Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Properties and Traditional uses of Garcinia gummi gutta (l.) N. Robson: A Comprehensive Review

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of G. gummi-gutta

Abstract

Herbal therapy has been practiced for centuries by ancient civilizations and tribal communities, largely owing to the accessibility of locally available medicinal plants and their comparatively fewer adverse effects. Garcinia gummi-gutta, a tropical species belonging to the family Clusiaceae, is one such plant of considerable medicinal importance due to its diverse phytochemical composition and wide range of biological activities. Various parts of the plant, including the leaves, fruits, bark, seeds, latex, and roots, have been reported to contain bioactive constituents such as bioflavonoids, xanthones, benzophenones, organic acids, along with minor components like terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Several pharmacological properties have been documented, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, antifungal, anthelmintic, antithrombotic, anticholinesterase, antiulcer, larvicidal, and wound-healing activities. These effects are primarily attributed to key compounds such as cambogin, camboginol, hydroxycitric acid, flavonoids, and xanthones. The present review summarizes the taxonomy, classification, vernacular names, morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential of G. gummi-gutta. Nevertheless, further experimental and clinical investigations are required to better elucidate its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thereby strengthening its potential role in modern herbal drug development.